Digital Electronics (DE)
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (DE)
Project Lead The Way Digital Electronics can lead to college credit through the Rochester Institute of Technology. The following units are incorporated in the DE class: Fundamentals including safety, basic electron theory, prefixes and engineering notation, resistors, electrical laws, capacitance, analog and digital waveforms. The course also includes number systems, logic gates, Boolean expressions, logic simplifications, and duality of logic functions. Combinational Circuit Design including a paradigm for combinational logic problems, specific application MSI gates, programmable logic devices (PLD), and binary addition. Flip Flops, shift registers, logic families sand spec sheets also lead to microcontrollers and interfacing with motors.
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS TOPICAL OUTLINE
UNIT 1; FUNDAMENTALS
Lesson 1.1 Safety
1.1.1. Electrical
1.1.2. Equipment
1.1.3. Hand Tools
1.1.4. Clothing
1.1.5. Procedures
1.1.6. Material Safety Data
Lesson 1.2 Basic Electron Theory
1.2.1. Current Flow
1.2.1.1. Conventional vs. Electron Flow
1.2.1.2. DC
1.2.1.3. AC
1.2.2 Structure of Atoms
1.2.2.1 Nucleus
1.2.2.2 Protons
1.2.2.3 Electrons
1.2.2.4 Electron Orbit
Lesson 1.3 Prefixes, Engineering Notation
1.3.1. Mega
1.3.2. Kilo
1.3.3. milli
1.3.4. micro
1.3.5. micro-micro
1.3.6. nano
1.3.7. pico
Lesson 1.4 Resistors
1.4.1. Theory
1.4.2. Units
1.4.2.1. Ohms
1.4.2.2. Wattage
1.4.3. Fixed
1.4.4. Color Code
1.4.5. Measuring Resistance
1.4.6. Variable
Lesson 1.5 Laws
1.5.1 Circuits
1.5.1.1. Parts to a Simple Circuit
1.5.1.1.1. Source
1.5.1.1.2. Load
1.5.1.1.3. Control
1.5.1.1.4. Conductor
1.5.1.2. Schematics
1.5.1.3. Series
1.5.1.4. Parallel
1.5.1.5. Series – Parallel
1.5.1.6. Open/closed loop
1.5.1.7. Switches
1.5.1.7.1. Single Pole Single Throw
1.5.1.7.2. Single Pole Double Throw
1.5.1.7.3. Push Button Normally Closed
1.5.1.7.4. Push Button Normally Closed
1.5.1.8. Short Circuit
1.5.1.9. Continuity
1.5.2. Ohm’s Law
1.5.2.1. Measuring Voltage
1.5.2.2. Measuring Current
1.5.3. Kirchhoff’s Law
1.5.3.1. Current
1.5.3.2. Voltage
1.5.4. Voltage
1.5.4.1. In series
1.5.4.2. In parallel
1.5.5. Current
1.5.5.1. In series
1.5.5.2. In parallel
1.5.6. Resistance
1.5.6.1. In series
1.5.6.2. In parallel
Lesson 1.6 Capacitance
1.6.1 Theory
1.6.2. Reading the value
1.6.3. Units
1.6.3.1. Farads
1.6.3.2. Voltage
1.6.4. Type
1.6.4.1. Ceramic
1.6.4.2. Electrolytic
1.6.5. Polarity
1.6.6. Measuring
1.6.6.1. Scope
1.6.6.1.1. Time
1.6.6.1.2. Voltage
1.6.6.2. Capacity Checker
Lesson 1.7 Analog and Digital Waveforms
1.7.1. Reading Waveforms
1.7.1.1. Signal Generator
1.7.1.2. Wave types
1.7.1.2.1. Square
1.7.1.2.2. Sine
1.7.1.2.3. Sawtooth
1.7.1.3. Period/Wavelength
1.7.1.4. Amplitude
1.7.1.5. Rise and Fall time
1.7.1.6. Offset
1.7.1.7. Pulse Width
1.7.1.8. Duty Cycle
1.7.1.9. Calculating Frequency
1.7.2. Logic Conditions
1.7.2.1. High
1.7.2.2. Low
1.7.3. Multivibrators
Lesson 1.8 Obtaining Data Sheets
1.8.1 Internet Search
1.8.2 Information included
UNIT 2: NUMBER SYSTEMS
Lesson 2.1 Conversions
2.1.1. Binary to Decimal
2.1.2. Decimal to Binary
2.1.3. Hexadecimal to Binary
2.1.4. Binary to Hexadecimal
2.1.5. Hexadecimal to Decimal
2.1.6. Decimal to Hexadecimal
UNIT 3; GATES
Lesson 3.1 Logic Gates
3.1.1. The Logic Symbols for the AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR Gates
3.1.2. Reading Pin-out Diagram
3.1.3. Truth Tables
3.1.4. Boolean Expression
3.1.5. Creating Multiple Input Gates
UNIT 4: BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
Lesson 4.1 Boolean Expressions
4.1.1. Boolean Expressions and Truth Tables
4.1.2. Minterm Expressions, Sum of Products
4.1.3. Maxterm Expressions, Product of Sums
4.1.4. Unsimplified Boolean Expression and Schematic Circuits
Lesson 4.2 Logic Simplifications
4.2.1. Boolean Simplification
4.2.2. DeMorgan’s Theorems
4.2.3. Karnaugh Mapping
4.2.4. Electronic Simplification Tools
Lesson 4.3 Duality of Logic Functions
4.3.1. Using NOR Gates to Emulate All Logic Functions
4.3.2. Using NAND Gates to Emulate All Logic Functions
UNIT 5: COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN
Lesson 5.1 Paradigm for Combinational Logic Problems
5.1.1. Word Problem
5.1.2. Construct Truth Table
5.1.3. Create a Logic Equation from a Truth Table
5.1.4. Simplify the Logic Equation
5.1.5. Simulate the Circuit
5.1.6. Construct the Circuit
5.1.7. Troubleshoot
Lesson 5.2 Specific Application MSI Gates
5.2.1. Levels of Integration (SSI, MSI, LSI)
5.2.2. Display Drivers
5.2.3. Code Converters
5.2.3.1. Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
5.2.3.1.1. BCD to Decimal
5.2.3.1.2. Decimal to BCD
5.2.3.1.3. Binary to Hexadecimal
Lesson 5.3 Programmable Logic Devices (PLD)
5.3.1. Introduction to PLD
5.3.2. PLD Programming Software
5.3.3. PLD Programming Hardware
UNIT 6: ADDING
Lesson 6.1 Binary Addition
6.1.1. 2’s Complement Notation, Addition and Subtraction
6.1.2. The Exclusive OR and Exclusive NOR Functions
6.1.3. Half Adder Design
6.1.4. Full Adder Design
6.1.5. N Bit Adder Design
UNIT 7: FLIP-FLOPS
Lesson 7.1 Introduction to Sequential Logic
7.1.1. Latches
7.1.2. Flip-Flop
7.1.3. Timing Diagrams
Lesson 7.2 The J-K Flip-Flop
7.2.1. Operation of J-K Flip-Flop
7.2.2. Asynchronous Inputs
7.2.3. Synchronous Inputs
Lesson 7.3 Triggers
7.3.1. Positive-Edge Trigger
7.3.2. Negative-Edge Trigger
7.3.3. Positive-Level Trigger (Latch)
7.3.4. Negative-Level Trigger (Latch)
Lesson 7.4 Flip-Flop Timing Considerations
7.4.1. Setup and Hold Times
7.4.2. Propagation Delays
7.4.3. Timing Limitations (fmax, Minimum Pulse Width)
Lesson 7.5 Elementary Applications of Flip-Flops
7.5.1. Data Storage
7.5.2. Logic Synchronizing
7.5.3. Clock Division
7.5.4. Switch Debouncing
UNIT 8: SHIFT REGISTERS & COUNTERS
Lesson 8.1 Shift Registers
8.1.1 Discrete Shift Register
8.1.2 Integrated Shift Register
Lesson 8.2 Asynchronous Counters
8.2.1. Discrete Ripple Counter
8.2.2. Discrete Modulus-N Ripple Counter
8.2.3. Integrated Ripple Counter (7493)
8.2.4. Other MSI Counter
Lesson 8.3 Synchronous Counters
8.3.1. Discrete Up Counter
8.3.2. Discrete Down Counter
8.3.3. Discrete Modulus-N Synchronous Counter
8.3.4. Integrated 4-Bit Binary Counter (74163)
8.3.5. Integrated 4-Bit Binary Up/Down Counter (74193)
UNIT 9: FAMILIES & SPECIFICATIONS
Lesson 9.1 Logic Families
9.1.1. CMOS
9.1.2. TTL
9.1.3. Interfacing Different Logic Families
UNIT 10: MICROPROCESSORS
Lesson 10.1 Microcontrollers
10.1.1. Programming
10.1.2. Development Tools
10.1.3. Output to Sound
10.1.4. Output pins
10.1.5. Limitations
10.1.6. Input devices
10.1.6.1. Switches
10.1.6.2. Phototransistors
10.1.7. Analog to Digital
10.1.7.1. A to D converters
10.1.7.2. CaDmium Sulfide Cells
10.1.7.3. Thermistors
Lesson 10.2 Interfacing with Motors
10.2.1. Types of Motors
10.2.1.1. AC
10.2.1.2. DC
10.2.1.3. Stepper
10.2.2. Interface Devices
10.2.2.1. Relays
10.2.2.2. H-Bridges
10.2.2.3. OptoIsolators
UNIT 11: STUDENT DIRECTED STUDY TOPIC
Lesson 11.1 Student Directed Study Topic
11.1.1 Apply Design Process
11.1.1.1 Select a Problem
11.1.1.2 Develop a solution to the Problem
11.1.1.3 Implement the solution using the computer simulation software
11.1.1.4 Breadboard the solution using the appropriate parts
11.1.1.5 Present their design to the class
11.1.1.6 Submit a report summarizing their work